2017年10月30日星期一

EliKine™ Human FSH ELISA Kit review

EliKine™ Human FSH ELISA Kit reviewFollicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) is a glygoprotein produced by the anterior pituitary gland. In the female, FSH stimulates follicular growth, prepares ovarian follicles for action by LH and enhances the LH induced release of estrogen. FSH levels are elevated after menopause, castration and in premature ovarian failure. Although there are significant exceptions ovarian failure is indicated when random FSH concentrations exceed 40 mIU/ml. In the male, FSH stimulates seminiferous tubule and testicular growth and is involved in the early stages of spermatogenesis. Oligospermic males usually have elevated FSH levels. Tumors of the testes generally depress serum FSH concentrations, but levels of LH are elevated. High levels of FSH in men may be found in primary testicular failure and Klinefelter syndrome. Elevated concentrations are also present in cases of starvation, renal failure, hyperthyroidism, and cirrhosis.

EliKine™ Human FSH ELISA Kit employs a two-site sandwich ELISA to quantitate FSH in samples. An antibody specific for FSH has been pre-coated onto a microplate. Standards and samples are pipetted into the wells and any FSH present is bound by the immobilized antibody. After removing any unbound substances, a HRP conjugated antibody specific for FSH is added to the wells. Following a wash to remove any unbound enzyme reagent, a substrate solution is added to the wells and color develops in proportion to the amount of FSH bound in the initial step. The color development is stopped and the intensity of the color is measured.

EliKine™ Human FSH ELISA Kit was designed to detect Human FSH in different kinds of samples, such as Plasma, Serum and other biological fluids. The detect range of this kit is 2 IU/L-70 IU/L and the minimum detection value is 1.0 IU/L. Our test proved the kit has high sensitivity and excellent specificity for detection of Human FSH. No significant cross-reactivity or interference between Human FSH and analogues was observed. The whole working time of our assay is about 3 hours. Both purchase and test process go well.

2017年10月26日星期四

Abbkine Scientific announces the launch of EliKine™ Human IL-10 ELISA Kit

Abbkine Scientific announces the launch of EliKine™ Human IL-10 ELISA KitThe EliKine™ Human IL-10 ELISA Kit otherwise referred to as IL 10 Elisa kit is the newest product from Abbkine Scientific. The company has announced the launch of the product as part of its plan to revolutionize the field of life science and scientific research. This is so as the product designed to enhance and make scientific research processes more effective.

The IL10 Elisa kit, with the protein encoded by IL-10 gene is a cytokine produced primarily by monocytes as well as lymphocytes to a lesser extent. Employing the colorimetric method of detection, the kit employs a two-site sandwich ELISA to quantitate IL-10 in samples as an antibody specific for IL-10 has been pre-coated onto a microplate.

The kit has human reactivity and Sandwich ELISA (quantitative) assay type, with the assay duration being multiple steps standard sandwich ELISA assay with a working time of between 3 and 5 hours. However, the duration is dependent on the experience of the operation person.

Other features and benefits of the CSIF Elisa kit include high sensitivity and excellent specificity for detection of Human IL-10 and no significant cross-reactivity or interference between Human IL-10 and analogues. The detection range of the kit is 4.7 pg/ml-300 pg/ml. The minimum detectable dose (MDD) of IL-10 is typically less than 3 pg/ml.

The components of the kit include Human IL-10 microplate, Human IL-10 standard, Human IL-10 detect antibody, EliKine™ Streptavidin-HRP, plate covers, wash buffer and stop solution. Other components are Standard diluent, Assay buffer and HRP substrate.

About Abbkine Scientific Co. Ltd

Abbkine Scientific Co. Ltd was founded in 2012 with the coming together of a team of scientists and marketing experts in the field of life science in California, USA. Headquartered in China, Abbkine has effectively combined cutting edge technology from United States with China's manufacturing engineering and cost advantages to provide innovative, high quality assay kits, recombinant proteins, antibodies and other research tools to accelerate life science fundamental research and drug discovery.

2017年10月25日星期三

Abbkine Scientific announces the official launch of EliKine™ Human IL-8 ELISA Kit

Abbkine Scientific announces the official launch of EliKine™ Human IL-8 ELISA KitAbbkine Scientific has announced the launch of its new product, the EliKine™ Human IL-8 ELISA Kit. The scientific research giant released the product to enhance research processes and help scientific researchers get results faster and easier.

The protein encoded by IL-8 gene is a member of the CXC chemokine family. As one of the major mediators of the inflammatory response, the chemokine is secreted by several cell types. It functions as a chemoattractant as well as a potent angiogenic factor.

The IL 8 Elisa kit employs a two-site sandwich ELISA to quantitate IL-8 in samples. The kit also employs a colorimetric detection method, with sample type including Cell culture supernatants, other biological fluids, Plasma, Serum.

Otherwise known as NAF Elisa kit, the kit’s assay type is Sandwich ELISA (quantitative) and assay duration of multiple steps standard sandwich ELISA assay with a working time of between 3 and 5 hours depending on the experience of the operation person.

The IL8 Elisa kit comes with different features and benefits. One of such benefits is the kit’s high sensitivity and excellent specificity to detect Human IL-8. Detection range: 3.9 pg/ml-250 pg/ml. The minimum detectable dose (MDD) of Human IL8 is typically less than 2 pg/ml. Another benefit of the kit is that it has no significant cross-reactivity or interference between Human IL-8 and analogues.

About Abbkine Scientific Co. Ltd

Abbkine Scientific Co. Ltd is scientific research company that was founded in 2012 by a team of scientists and marketing experts in the field of life science in California, USA. The company is headquartered in China and has effectively combined innovative technology from United States with China's manufacturing engineering and cost advantages to provide innovative, high quality assay kits, recombinant proteins, antibodies and other research tools to accelerate life science fundamental research and drug discovery.

EliKine™ Human EGF ELISA Kit review

EliKine™ Human EGF ELISA Kit reviewEGF encodes a member of the epidermal growth factor superfamily. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate the 53-amino acid epidermal growth factor peptide. The protein acts a potent mitogenic factor that plays an important role in the growth, proliferation and differentiation of numerous cell types. During development, EGF regulates thymocyte differentiation, neuroglia production, and adipocyte maturation. In the adult, EGF plays a role in mammary gland lactogenesis, fibroblast mitosis, dissociation of the extracellular matrix, and cell migration. EGF stimulates the growth of various epidermal and epithelial tissues in vivo and in vitro and of some fibroblasts in cell culture. EGF is proposed to affect growth and/or differentiation of many other fetal and adult tissues.

Human EGF ELISA Kit employs a two-site sandwich ELISA to quantitate EGF in samples. An antibody specific for EGF has been pre-coated onto a microplate. Standards and samples are pipetted into the wells and any EGF present is bound by the immobilized antibody. After removing any unbound substances, a biotin-conjugated antibody specific for EGF is added to the wells. After washing, proprietary EliKine™ Streptavidin-HRP conjugates is added to the wells. Following a wash to remove any unbound streptavidin-enzyme reagent, a substrate solution is added to the wells and color develops in proportion to the amount of EGF bound in the initial step. The color development is stopped and the intensity of the color is measured.

Following the suggestion of my friend, I purchased the EliKine™ Human EGF ELISA Kit from Abbkine. I have to say this is a trustworthy brand. I detected the CD54 in the serum sample. Experiments showed that Abbkine ELISA kit has high sensitivity and excellent specificity. No significant cross-reactivity or interference between Human EGF and analogues was observed. The standard curve is very perfect. I really appreciate this experience, and I will continue to support Abbkine products.

2017年10月23日星期一

EliKine™ Human LH ELISA Kit review

EliKine™ Human LH ELISA Kit reviewLuteinizing hormone (LH) is produced in both men and women from the anterior pituitary gland in response to luteinizing hormonereleasing hormone (LH-RH or Gn-RH), that is released by the hypothalamus. LH, also called interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH) in men, is glycoprotein with a molecular weight of approximately 30,000 Dalton. LH stimulates ovulation and ovarian steroid production in the female. In the male, LH controls Leydig cell secretion of testosterone. LH is elevated in Luteal phase of menstrual cycle, primary hypogonadism, Gonadotropin-secreting pituitary tumors and menopause. LH is deceased in hypothalamic Gn-RH deficiency, pituitary LH deficiency and ectopic steroid production.

EliKine™ Human LH ELISA Kit employs a two-site sandwich ELISA to quantitate LH in samples. An antibody specific for LH has been pre-coated onto a microplate. Standards and samples are pipetted into the wells and any LH present is bound by the immobilized antibody. After removing any unbound substances, a HRP conjugated antibody specific for LH is added to the wells. Following a wash to remove any unbound enzyme reagent, a substrate solution is added to the wells and color develops in proportion to the amount of LH bound in the initial step. The color development is stopped and the intensity of the color is measured.

EliKine™ Human LH ELISA Kit was purchased to detect Luteinizing hormone in human serum. Abbkine suggested the detect range of this kit is 2 IU/L-75 IU/L and the limit of detection is 0.5 IU/L. Thanks for the help of their technical staff, we got a good result. No significant cross-reactivity or interference was found. The strip microplate is also very convenient for users. Overall, this is a very good experience.

2017年10月20日星期五

How cancer cells communicate at long range in vivo?

Topics overview: How cancer cells communicate at long range in vivo, Aberrant DNA Methylation in Colorectal Cancer, JARID1 Histone Demethylases, How To Fine-Tune Cancer Immunotherapy, Methods and Applications of CRISPR-Mediated Base Editing.

1. Imaging Tunneling Membrane Tubes Elucidates Cell Communication in Tumors

Intercellular communication is a vital yet underdeveloped aspect of cancer pathobiology. This Opinion article reviews the importance and challenges of microscopic imaging of tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) in the complex tumor microenvironment. The use of advanced microscopy to characterize TNTs in vitro and ex vivo, and related extensions called tumor microtubes (TMs) reported in gliomas in vivo, has propelled this field forward. This topic is important because the identification of TNTs and TMs fills the gap in our knowledge of how cancer cells communicate at long range in vivo, inducing intratumor heterogeneity and resistance to treatment. Here Emil Lou at University of Minnesota in Minneapolis, USA and his colleagues discuss the concept that TNTs/TMs fill an important niche in the ever-changing microenvironment and the role of advanced microscopic imaging to elucidate that niche.

Read more, please click http://www.cell.com/trends/cancer/abstract/S2405-8033(17)30158-9

2. Aberrant DNA Methylation in Colorectal Cancer: What Should We Target?

Colorectal cancers (CRCs) are characterized by global hypomethylation and promoter-specific DNA methylation. A subset of CRCs with extensive and co-ordinate patterns of promoter methylation has also been identified, termed the CpG-island methylator phenotype. Some genes methylated in CRC are established tumor suppressors; however, for the majority, direct roles in disease initiation or progression have not been established. Herein, Janson W.T. Tse at Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute in Melbourne, Australia and his colleagues examine functional evidence of specific methylated genes contributing to CRC pathogenesis, focusing on components of commonly deregulated signaling pathways. They also review current knowledge of the mechanisms underpinning promoter methylation in CRC, including genetic events, altered transcription factor binding, and DNA damage. Finally, they summarize clinical trials of DNA methyltransferase inhibitors in CRC, and propose strategies for enhancing their efficacy.

Read more, please click http://www.cell.com/trends/cancer/fulltext/S2405-8033(17)30160-7

3. JARID1 Histone Demethylases: Emerging Targets in Cancer

JARID1 proteins are histone demethylases that both regulate normal cell fates during development and contribute to the epigenetic plasticity that underlies malignant transformation. This H3K4 demethylase family participates in multiple repressive transcriptional complexes at promoters and has broader regulatory effects on chromatin that remain ill-defined. There is growing understanding of the oncogenic and tumor suppressive functions of JARID1 proteins, which are contingent on cell context and the protein isoform. Their contributions to stem cell-like dedifferentiation, tumor aggressiveness, and therapy resistance in cancer have sustained interest in the development of JARID1 inhibitors. Here Kayla M. Harmeyer at University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, USA and her colleagues review the diverse and context-specific functions of the JARID1 proteins that may impact the utilization of emerging targeted inhibitors of this histone demethylase family in cancer therapy.

Read more, please click http://www.cell.com/trends/cancer/fulltext/S2405-8033(17)30161-9

4. Learning from the Proteasome: How To Fine-Tune Cancer Immunotherapy

Cancer immunotherapy has recently emerged as a forefront strategy to fight cancer. Key players in antitumor responses are CD8+ cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) that can detect tumor cells that carry antigens, in other words, small peptides bound to surface major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. The success and safety of cancer immunotherapy strategies depends on the nature of the antigens recognized by the targeted T cells, their strict tumor specificity, and whether tumors and antigen-presenting cells can efficiently process the peptide. Nathalie Vigneron at Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research in Brussels, Belgium and her colleagues review here the nature of the tumor antigens and their potential for the development of immunotherapeutic strategies. They also discuss the importance of proteasome in the production of these peptides in the context of immunotherapy and therapeutic cancer vaccines.

Read more, please click http://www.cell.com/trends/cancer/fulltext/S2405-8033(17)30155-3

5. Methods and Applications of CRISPR-Mediated Base Editing in Eukaryotic Genomes

The past several years have seen an explosion in development of applications for the CRISPR-Cas9 system, from efficient genome editing, to high-throughput screening, to recruitment of a range of DNA and chromatin-modifying enzymes. While homology-directed repair (HDR) coupled with Cas9 nuclease cleavage has been used with great success to repair and re-write genomes, recently developed base-editing systems present a useful orthogonal strategy to engineer nucleotide substitutions. Base editing relies on recruitment of cytidine deaminases to introduce changes (rather than double-stranded breaks and donor templates) and offers potential improvements in efficiency while limiting damage and simplifying the delivery of editing machinery. At the same time, these systems enable novel mutagenesis strategies to introduce sequence diversity for engineering and discovery. Here, Michael C. Bassik at Stanford University in Stanford, USA and his colleagues review the different base-editing platforms, including their deaminase recruitment strategies and editing outcomes, and compare them to other CRISPR genome-editing technologies. Additionally, they discuss how these systems have been applied in therapeutic, engineering, and research settings. Lastly, they explore future directions of this emerging technology.

Read more, please click http://www.cell.com/molecular-cell/fulltext/S1097-2765(17)30707-4

2017年10月18日星期三

EliKine™ Human β-hCG ELISA Kit review

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a glycoprotein hormone produced by trophoblastic cells of the placenta beginning 10 to 12 days after conception. Maintenance of the fetus in the first trimester of pregnancy requires the production of hCG, which binds to the corpus luteum of the ovary which is stimulated to produce progesterone which in turn maintains the secretory endometrium. hCG is present only in trace amounts in non pregnant urine and sera. It rises sharply during pregnancy. HCG is composed of two non identical, non covalently linked polypeptide chains designated as the a and b subunits.

EliKine™ Human β-hCG ELISA Kit employs a two-site sandwich ELISA to quantitate β-hCG in samples. An antibody specific for β-hCG has been pre-coated onto a microplate. Standards and samples are pipetted into the wells and any β-hCG present is bound by the immobilized antibody. After removing any unbound substances, a HRP conjugated antibody specific for β-hCG is added to the wells. Following a wash to remove any unbound enzyme reagent, a substrate solution is added to the wells and color develops in proportion to the amount of β-hCG bound in the initial step. The color development is stopped and the intensity of the color is measured.

EliKine™ Human β-hCG ELISA Kit has high sensitivity and excellent specificity for detection of Human β-hCG in Plasma, Serum and other biological fluids samples. No significant cross-reactivity or interference between Human β-hCG and analogues was observed. The detection range is 8 IU/L-240 IU/L and the minimum detectable dose (MDD) of Human β-hCG is typically less than 2.0 IU/L. Compared to other brand, this kit is cost-effective.

2017年10月14日星期六

Tumor lymphangiogenesis promotes T cell infiltration and potentiates immunotherapy in melanoma

Topics overview: VEGF-C as a predictive biomarker for immunotherapy response, peptide probes could become an early diagnostic strategy, hiPSC-EPO cells may be a useful tool for clarifying the mechanisms of EPO production, rapid antigen tests for dengue virus serotypes and Zika virus, integrated hepatitis B virus DNA is a source of HBsAg.

1. Tumor lymphangiogenesis promotes T cell infiltration and potentiates immunotherapy in melanoma

In melanoma, vascular endothelial growth factor–C (VEGF-C) expression and consequent lymphangiogenesis correlate with metastasis and poor prognosis. VEGF-C also promotes tumor immunosuppression, suggesting that lymphangiogenesis inhibitors may be clinically useful in combination with immunotherapy. Manuel Fankhauser at Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL) in Lausanne, Switzerland and his colleagues addressed this concept in mouse melanoma models with VEGF receptor–3 (VEGFR-3)–blocking antibodies and unexpectedly found that VEGF-C signaling enhanced rather than suppressed the response to immunotherapy. They further found that this effect was mediated by VEGF-C–induced CCL21 and tumor infiltration of naïve T cells before immunotherapy because CCR7 blockade reversed the potentiating effects of VEGF-C. In human metastatic melanoma, gene expression of VEGF-C strongly correlated with CCL21 and T cell inflammation, and serum VEGF-C concentrations associated with both T cell activation and expansion after peptide vaccination and clinical response to checkpoint blockade. They propose that VEGF-C potentiates immunotherapy by attracting naïve T cells, which are locally activated upon immunotherapy-induced tumor cell killing, and that serum VEGF-C may serve as a predictive biomarker for immunotherapy response.

Read more, please click http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/9/407/eaal4712

2. Peptide probes detect misfolded transthyretin oligomers in plasma of hereditary amyloidosis patients

Increasing evidence supports the hypothesis that soluble misfolded protein assemblies contribute to the degeneration of postmitotic tissue in amyloid diseases. However, there is a dearth of reliable nonantibody-based probes for selectively detecting oligomeric aggregate structures circulating in plasma or deposited in tissues, making it difficult to scrutinize this hypothesis in patients. Hence, understanding the structure-proteotoxicity relationships driving amyloid diseases remains challenging, hampering the development of early diagnostic and novel treatment strategies. Joseph D. Schonhoft at The Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, USA and his colleagues report peptide-based probes that selectively label misfolded transthyretin (TTR) oligomers circulating in the plasma of TTR hereditary amyloidosis patients exhibiting a predominant neuropathic phenotype. These probes revealed that there are much fewer misfolded TTR oligomers in healthy controls, in asymptomatic carriers of mutations linked to amyloid polyneuropathy, and in patients with TTR-associated cardiomyopathies. The absence of misfolded TTR oligomers in the plasma of cardiomyopathy patients suggests that the tissue tropism observed in the TTR amyloidoses is structure-based. Misfolded oligomers decrease in TTR amyloid polyneuropathy patients treated with disease-modifying therapies (tafamidis or liver transplant–mediated gene therapy). In a subset of TTR amyloid polyneuropathy patients, the probes also detected a circulating TTR fragment that disappeared after tafamidis treatment. Proteomic analysis of the isolated TTR oligomers revealed a specific patient-associated signature composed of proteins that likely associate with the circulating TTR oligomers. Quantification of plasma oligomer concentrations using peptide probes could become an early diagnostic strategy, a response-to-therapy biomarker, and a useful tool for understanding structure-proteotoxicity relationships in the TTR amyloidoses.

Read more, please click http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/9/407/eaam7621

3. Human pluripotent stem cell–derived erythropoietin-producing cells ameliorate renal anemia in mice

The production of erythropoietin (EPO) by the kidneys, a principal hormone for the hematopoietic system, is reduced in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), eventually resulting in severe anemia. Although recombinant human EPO treatment improves anemia in patients with CKD, returning to full red blood cell production without fluctuations does not always occur. Hirofumi Hitomi at Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University in Kyoto, Japan and his colleagues established a method to generate EPO-producing cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) by modifying previously reported hepatic differentiation protocols. These cells showed increased EPO expression and secretion in response to low oxygen conditions, prolyl hydroxylase domain–containing enzyme inhibitors, and insulin-like growth factor 1. The EPO protein secreted from hiPSC-derived EPO-producing (hiPSC-EPO) cells induced the erythropoietic differentiation of human umbilical cord blood progenitor cells in vitro. Furthermore, transplantation of hiPSC-EPO cells into mice with CKD induced by adenine treatment improved renal anemia. Thus, hiPSC-EPO cells may be a useful tool for clarifying the mechanisms of EPO production and may be useful as a therapeutic strategy for treating renal anemia.

Read more, please click http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/9/409/eaaj2300

4. Rapid antigen tests for dengue virus serotypes and Zika virus in patient serum

The recent Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak demonstrates that cost-effective clinical diagnostics are urgently needed to detect and distinguish viral infections to improve patient care. Unlike dengue virus (DENV), ZIKV infections during pregnancy correlate with severe birth defects, including microcephaly and neurological disorders. Because ZIKV and DENV are related flaviviruses, their homologous proteins and nucleic acids can cause cross-reactions and false-positive results in molecular, antigenic, and serologic diagnostics. Irene Bosch at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, USA and her colleagues report the characterization of monoclonal antibody pairs that have been translated into rapid immunochromatography tests to specifically detect the viral nonstructural 1 (NS1) protein antigen and distinguish the four DENV serotypes (DENV1–4) and ZIKV without cross-reaction. To complement visual test analysis and remove user subjectivity in reading test results, they used image processing and data analysis for data capture and test result quantification. Using a 30-μl serum sample, the sensitivity and specificity values of the DENV1–4 tests and the pan-DENV test, which detects all four dengue serotypes, ranged from 0.76 to 1.00. Sensitivity/specificity for the ZIKV rapid test was 0.81/0.86, respectively, using a 150-μl serum input. Serum ZIKV NS1 protein concentrations were about 10-fold lower than corresponding DENV NS1 concentrations in infected patients; moreover, ZIKV NS1 protein was not detected in polymerase chain reaction–positive patient urine samples. Their rapid immunochromatography approach and reagents have immediate application in differential clinical diagnosis of acute ZIKV and DENV cases, and the platform can be applied toward developing rapid antigen diagnostics for emerging viruses.

Read more, please click http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/9/409/eaan1589

5. RNAi-based treatment of chronically infected patients and chimpanzees reveals that integrated hepatitis B virus DNA is a source of HBsAg

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major health concern worldwide, frequently leading to liver cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Evidence suggests that high viral antigen load may play a role in chronicity. Production of viral proteins is thought to depend on transcription of viral covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA). In a human clinical trial with an RNA interference (RNAi)–based therapeutic targeting HBV transcripts, ARC-520, HBV S antigen (HBsAg) was strongly reduced in treatment-naïve patients positive for HBV e antigen (HBeAg) but was reduced significantly less in patients who were HBeAg-negative or had received long-term therapy with nucleos(t)ide viral replication inhibitors (NUCs). HBeAg positivity is associated with greater disease risk that may be moderately reduced upon HBeAg loss. The molecular basis for this unexpected differential response was investigated by Christine I. Wooddell at Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals in Madison, USA and his colleagues in chimpanzees chronically infected with HBV. Several lines of evidence demonstrated that HBsAg was expressed not only from the episomal cccDNA minichromosome but also from transcripts arising from HBV DNA integrated into the host genome, which was the dominant source in HBeAg-negative chimpanzees. Many of the integrants detected in chimpanzees lacked target sites for the small interfering RNAs in ARC-520, explaining the reduced response in HBeAg-negative chimpanzees and, by extension, in HBeAg-negative patients. Their results uncover a heretofore underrecognized source of HBsAg that may represent a strategy adopted by HBV to maintain chronicity in the presence of host immunosurveillance. These results could alter trial design and endpoint expectations of new therapies for chronic HBV.

Read more, please click http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/9/409/eaan0241

EliKine™ Human TGF-β1 ELISA Kit review

EliKine™ Human TGF-β1 ELISA Kit reviewTGF-β is capable of producing a variety of effects and virtually all cell types respond to this factor in some way. The inappropriate presence of active TGF-β1 has been implicated in a variety of pathological conditions Because of the necessity for regulating its activity tightly, TGF-β is secreted by cells in the form of an inactive complex. This complex consists of TGF-β1 associated non-covalently with a protein designated the latency associated peptide (LAP). TGF-β1 and LAP represent components of a pro-peptide that is cleaved in a post-golgi compartment prior to secretion. LAP and TGF-β1 each consist of a disulfide-linked homodimer and the association of these two components renders TGF-β1 inactive and inaccessible to anti-TGF-β antibodies.

EliKine™ Human TGF-β1 ELISA Kit employs a two-site sandwich ELISA to quantitate TGF-β1 in samples. An antibody specific for TGF-β1 has been pre-coated onto a microplate. Standards and samples are pipetted into the wells and any TGF-β1 present is bound by the immobilized antibody. After removing any unbound substances, a biotin-conjugated antibody specific for TGF-β1 is added to the wells. After washing, proprietary EliKine™ Streptavidin-HRP conjugates is added to the wells. Following a wash to remove any unbound streptavidin-enzyme reagent, a substrate solution is added to the wells and color develops in proportion to the amount of TGF-β1 bound in the initial step. The color development is stopped and the intensity of the color is measured.

EliKine™ Human TGF-β1 ELISA Kit was used to detect TGFB1 in Human serum. It meets our requirements very well. The detection range of this kit is from 15.625 pg/ml to 1000 pg/ml. The minimum detectable dose of Human TGFB1 is typically less than 8 pg/mL. No significant cross-reactivity or interference was found during the test. The design of 12 strips of 8 wells 96 well polystyrene microplates is very flexible. The unused wells can be stored at 2-8 ˚C for up to one month. The staffs are very professional and they reply timely.