HP-1α Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (5E3) Review

HP-1α encodes a highly conserved nonhistone protein, which is a member of the heterochromatin protein family. The protein is enriched in the heterochromatin and associated with centromeres. The protein has a single N-terminal chromodomain which can bind to histone proteins via methylated lysine residues, and a C-terminal chromo shadow-domain (CSD) which is responsible for the homodimerization and interaction with a number of chromatin-associated nonhistone proteins. The encoded product is involved in the formation of functional kinetochore through interaction with essential kinetochore proteins. The gene has a pseudogene located on chromosome 3. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified.

Abbkine HP-1α Mouse Monoclonal Antibody derives from mouse ascites after the stimulation of HP-1α recombinant protein. The antibody was affinity-purified by affinity-chromatography. Optimal working dilutions should be determined experimentally by the investigator. Suggested starting dilutions are as follows: WB: 1:500-2000, IHC-p: 1:50-2000. This antibody can be applied to WB, IHC-p, IF and it can react with endogenous HP-1α protein of human, mouse, rat.

I want to detect HP-1α protein in human uterus tissue by Immunohistochemical analysis. My colleague recommends me Abbkine HP-1α Mouse Monoclonal Antibody. He purchased several primary antibodies in Abbkine, and he said the experiment effects were perfect. I also got one, and the result was very positive. Above all, the Abbkine products are reliable and you can obtain the same quality products with lower prices.

Abbkine Scientific introduces the new PurKine™ Antibody Purification Protein G Kit

Abbkine Scientific has announced the launch of its new product, the PurKine™ Antibody Purification Protein G Kit, a new addition to its illustrious list of scientific tools and products. The product is also known as Protein G resin and is popular for being a part of an effective affinity purification system.

PurKine™ Protein G Purification system is great for affinity purification of IgG from serum and other fluids of many mammalian species. Protein G Antibody Purification is also attributed to being great for the purification of mammalian monoclonal and polyclonal IgGs.

Unlike Protein A, Protein G Agarose has a greater affinity for most mammalian IgGs, especially the human IgG3, mouse IgG1 and rat IgG2a subclasses. Also, Protein G does not bind to human IgM, IgD, and IgA, unlike Protein A.

The kit is available in different formats including bulk resin, spin columns and complete kits. Components of the kit includes

• PurKine™ Protein G Packed Column


• Binding/Wash Buffer (10X)


• Elution buffer (10x)

The kit is easy to use with pre-formulated buffers available for kit formats, cost-effective with no decrease in performance even after five repeated uses, and high capacity with more than 30mg human lgG per mL of resin.

About Abbkine Scientific Co. Ltd.

Abbkine Scientific Co. Ltd is a scientific research institute headquartered in China. Founded by a team of scientists and marketing experts, the serves the field of sciences by perfectly combining cutting edge technology from the United States with China's manufacturing engineering and cost advantages, to provide state-of-the-art recombinant proteins, antibodies, and other scientific research tools.

CD4 Monoclonal Antibody Review

Cluster of Differentiation 4 (CD4) is a glycoprotein composed of an amino-terminal extracellular domain (four domains: D1-D4 with Ig-like structures), a transmembrane part and a short cytoplasmic tail. CD4 is expressed on the surface of T helper cells, regulatory T cells, monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells, and plays an important role in the development and activation of T cells. On T cells, CD4 is the co-receptor for the T cell receptor (TCR), and these two distinct structures recognize the Antigen–Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC).

Abbkine CD4 Monoclonal Antibody is produced by immunizing mouse with a synthetic peptide. The antibody recognizes endogenous levels of total human, mouse and rat CD4 protein. It validated for IHC-p and IF. Abbkine suggested the starting dilutions are as follows: IHC-p: 1:200, IF: 1:200. Optimal working dilutions should be determined experimentally by the investigator.

My sample are rat lung tissue sections and I purchased Abbkine CD4 monoclonal antibody for detecting CD4 proteins in my samples with Immunofluorescence analysis. There is a stronger IF signal and the signal is localizing where I expect it to. I have already referred Abbkine products to another research group. I am sure they have already contacted you.

Anti-virus monoclonal antibody could be elicited more efficiently with suitably optimized GP immunogens

Topics overview: Dietary vitamin A on the regulation of cell-cycle-mediated stem cell plasticity, mechanisms controlling immunity to vaccination, RNA structure has widespread roles in mammalian mRNA biogenesis and metabolism, CTCF mediates transcriptional insulator function through enhancer blocking but not as a direct barrier to heterochromatin spreading and anti-virus monoclonal antibody could be elicited more efficiently with suitably optimized GP immunogens.

Vitamin A-Retinoic Acid Signaling Regulates Hematopoietic Stem Cell Dormancy.

Dormant hematopoietic stem cells (dHSCs) are atop the hematopoietic hierarchy. The molecular identity of dHSCs and the mechanisms regulating their maintenance or exit from dormancy remain uncertain. Here, Nina Cabezas-Wallscheid at Division of Stem Cells and Cancer in Heidelberg, Germany and her colleagues use single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis to show that the transition from dormancy toward cell-cycle entry is a continuous developmental path associated with upregulation of biosynthetic processes rather than a stepwise progression. In addition, low Myc levels and high expression of a retinoic acid program are characteristic for dHSCs. To follow the behavior of dHSCs in situ, a Gprc5c-controlled reporter mouse was established. Treatment with all-trans retinoic acid antagonizes stress-induced activation of dHSCs by restricting protein translation and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Myc. Mice maintained on a vitamin A-free diet lose HSCs and show a disrupted re-entry into dormancy after exposure to inflammatory stress stimuli. Their results highlight the impact of dietary vitamin A on the regulation of cell-cycle-mediated stem cell plasticity.

Read more, please click http://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(17)30464-6

 

Metabolic Phenotypes of Response to Vaccination in Humans.

Herpes zoster (shingles) causes significant morbidity in immune compromised hosts and older adults. Whereas a vaccine is available for prevention of shingles, its efficacy declines with age. To help to understand the mechanisms driving vaccinal responses, Shuzhao Li at Emory University in Atlanta, USA and his colleagues constructed a multiscale, multifactorial response network (MMRN) of immunity in healthy young and older adults immunized with the live attenuated shingles vaccine Zostavax. Vaccination induces robust antigen-specific antibody, plasmablasts, and CD4+ T cells yet limited CD8+ T cell and antiviral responses. The MMRN reveals striking associations between orthogonal datasets, such as transcriptomic and metabolomics signatures, cell populations, and cytokine levels, and identifies immune and metabolic correlates of vaccine immunity. Networks associated with inositol phosphate, glycerophospholipids, and sterol metabolism are tightly coupled with immunity. Critically, the sterol regulatory binding protein 1 and its targets are key integrators of antibody and T follicular cell responses. Their approach is broadly applicable to study human immunity and can help to identify predictors of efficacy as well as mechanisms controlling immunity to vaccination.

Read more, please click http://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(17)30477-4

 

Widespread Influence of 3′-End Structures on Mammalian mRNA Processing and Stability.

The physiological relevance of structures within mammalian mRNAs has been elusive, as these mRNAs are less folded in cells than in vitro and have predicted secondary structures no more stable than those of random sequences. Here, Xuebing Wu at Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research in Cambridge, USA and his colleagues investigate the possibility that mRNA structures facilitate the 3′-end processing of thousands of human mRNAs by juxtaposing poly(A) signals (PASs) and cleavage sites that are otherwise too far apart. They find that RNA structures are predicted to be more prevalent within these extended 3′-end regions than within PAS-upstream regions and indeed are substantially more folded within cells, as determined by intracellular probing. Analyses of thousands of ectopically expressed variants demonstrate that this folding both enhances processing and increases mRNA metabolic stability. Even folds with predicted stabilities resembling those of random sequences can enhance processing. Structure-controlled processing can also regulate neighboring gene expression. Thus, RNA structure has widespread roles in mammalian mRNA biogenesis and metabolism.

Read more, please click http://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(17)30490-7

 

Targeted Degradation of CTCF Decouples Local Insulation of Chromosome Domains from Genomic Compartmentalization.

The molecular mechanisms underlying folding of mammalian chromosomes remain poorly understood. The transcription factor CTCF is a candidate regulator of chromosomal structure. Using the auxin-inducible degron system in mouse embryonic stem cells, Elphège P. Nora at Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease in San Francisco, USA and his colleagues show that CTCF is absolutely and dose-dependently required for looping between CTCF target sites and insulation of topologically associating domains (TADs). Restoring CTCF reinstates proper architecture on altered chromosomes, indicating a powerful instructive function for CTCF in chromatin folding. CTCF remains essential for TAD organization in non-dividing cells. Surprisingly, active and inactive genome compartments remain properly segregated upon CTCF depletion, revealing that compartmentalization of mammalian chromosomes emerges independently of proper insulation of TADs. Furthermore, their data support that CTCF mediates transcriptional insulator function through enhancer blocking but not as a direct barrier to heterochromatin spreading. Beyond defining the functions of CTCF in chromosome folding, these results provide new fundamental insights into the rules governing mammalian genome organization.

Read more, please click http://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(17)30531-7

 

Antibodies from a Human Survivor Define Sites of Vulnerability for Broad Protection against Ebolaviruses.

Experimental monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies have shown promise for treatment of lethal Ebola virus (EBOV) infections, but their species-specific recognition of the viral glycoprotein (GP) has limited their use against other divergent ebolaviruses associated with human disease. Here, Anna Z. Wec at Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine in Bronx, NY , USA and her colleagues mined the human immune response to natural EBOV infection and identified mAbs with exceptionally potent pan-ebolavirus neutralizing activity and protective efficacy against three virulent ebolaviruses. These mAbs recognize an inter-protomer epitope in the GP fusion loop, a critical and conserved element of the viral membrane fusion machinery, and neutralize viral entry by targeting a proteolytically primed, fusion-competent GP intermediate (GP_CL) generated in host cell endosomes. Only a few somatic hypermutations are required for broad antiviral activity, and germline-approximating variants display enhanced GP_CL recognition, suggesting that such antibodies could be elicited more efficiently with suitably optimized GP immunogens. Their findings inform the development of both broadly effective immunotherapeutics and vaccines against filoviruses.

Read more, please click http://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(17)30491-9

NBR1 Mouse Monoclonal Antibody Review

NBR1 is located on a region of chromosome 17q21.1 that is in close proximity to the BRCA1 tumor suppressor gene. Alternative splicing of NBR1 results in multiple transcript variants. The protein encoded by NBR1(autophagy cargo receptor) was originally identified as an ovarian tumor antigen monitored in ovarian cancer. The encoded protein contains a B-box/coiled coil motif, which is present in many genes with transformation potential. It functions as a specific autophagy receptor for the selective autophagic degradation of peroxisomes by forming intracellular inclusions with ubiquitylated autophagic substrates.

Abbkine NBR1 Mouse Monoclonal Antibody was affinity-purified from mouse ascites by affinity-chromatography using specific immunogen. The antibody has been applied to IF, IHC-p. The antibody can react with Human, Mouse and Rat samples.The investigator should confirm the optimal working dilutions through the pre-test before the formal experiments. Abbkine suggest you choose the following starting dilution: IHC-p: 1:50-200.

I want to share some experiences for you researchers, and hope you could get good results. I detected the NBR1 protein in rat lung tissue by Immunohistochemical analysis. In my experiment, the antibody is diluted at 1:200. I have to say that the Abbkine NBR1 Mouse Monoclonal Antibody is excellent. The images are perfect and I intend to use them to publish my papers. In addition, the price is very competitive. I believe you won’t regret it.

Abbkine Scientific announces the launch of Anti-PCNA Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (1D7)

Wuhan, China. 430074, 24^th May 2017. Abbkine Scientific Company Limited has once again made a breakthrough in the science world with the recent announcement of the launch of its new product - Anti-PCNA Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (1D7).

Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen antibody or PCNA antibody as it also called is a nuclear loading control. However, it acts as a processivity factor for DNA polymerase in eukaryotic cells. Its features and benefits, one of which is the achievement of processivity by encircling the DNA that subsequently creates a topological link to the genome have distinguished it from its peers.

The product is available in a liquid solution, ensuring easy application by researchers and investigators alike. Hosted by mouse and with human, rat and mouse reactivity, some of the other features of the product include a synthetic peptide immunogen and Mouse IgG1 isotype.

The monoclonal antibody can be stored for as long as one year, under a stable temperature of -20°C from the date of shipment. Users are advised to centrifuge the original vial after thawing and before removing the cap, for maximum recovery of product.

The product like many other antibodies and antigens from Abbkine Scientific is made for research purpose only, with a strong prohibition against the use in human and clinical diagnosis.

About Abbkine Scientific Co. Ltd.

Abbkine Scientific Co. Ltd is a scientific research institute headquartered in China. Founded by a team of scientists and marketing experts, the serves the field of sciences by perfectly combining cutting edge technology from the United States with China's manufacturing engineering and cost advantages, to provide state-of-the-art recombinant proteins, antibodies, and other scientific research tools.

The company has subsequently established itself as a scientific research heavyweight with the provision of generic and customized solutions to clients across the globe.

Test Post from Abbkine - Antibodies, proteins, biochemicals, assay kits for life science research

Test Post from Abbkine - Antibodies, proteins, biochemicals, assay kits for life science research
http://www.abbkine.com

CD2 Monoclonal Antibody Review

CD2 (cluster of differentiation 2) is a cell adhesion molecule found on the surface of T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. It has also been called T-cell surface antigen T11/Leu-5, LFA-2, LFA-3 receptor, erythrocyte receptor and rosette receptor. It interacts with other adhesion molecules, such as lymphocyte function-associated antigen-3 (LFA-3/CD58) in humans, or CD48 in rodents, which are expressed on the surfaces of other cells. In addition to its adhesive properties, CD2 also acts as a co-stimulatory molecule on T and NK cells.

Abbkine CD2 Monoclonal Antibody was affinity-purified from mouse ascites by affinity-chromatography using specific immunogen. The antibody detects endogenous CD2 proteins in Human, Mouse and Rat samples. It validated for IHC-p. It’s supplied as liquid solution with the concentration of 1mg/ml.

CD2 is a specific marker for T cells and NK cells, and can therefore be used in immunohistochemistry to identify the presence of such cells in tissue sections. I compared CD2 Monoclonal Antibody from different companies before purchasing and chose Abbkine’s product at last because of the price. But it beyond my expectation. The performance was amazing. I have to say I made a good decision.

Weekly Top Scientific Research Review (15/5/2017-19/5/2017)

Topic preview: The relationship between integrin α4β7 and HIV-1, the function of GARP-TGFβ axis, what controls IRF3 activation, pathway that associate with anti–PD-1 therapy and multiple myeloma therapeutic strategy.

1. Virion incorporation of integrin α4β7 facilitates HIV-1 infection and intestinal homing.

The intestinal mucosa is a key anatomical site for HIV-1 replication and CD4+ T cell depletion. Accordingly, in vivo treatment with an antibody to the gut-homing integrin α4β7 was shown to reduce viral transmission, delay disease progression, and induce persistent virus control in macaques challenged with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). Christina Guzzo at National Institutes of Health (NIH) in Bethesda, USA and her colleagues show that integrin α4β7 is efficiently incorporated into the envelope of HIV-1 virions. Incorporated α4β7 is functionally active as it binds mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule–1 (MAdCAM-1), promoting HIV-1 capture by and infection of MAdCAM-expressing cells, which in turn mediate trans-infection of bystander cells. Functional α4β7 is present in circulating virions from HIV-infected patients and SIV-infected macaques, with peak levels during the early stages of infection. In vivo homing experiments documented selective and specific uptake of α4β7+ HIV-1 virions by high endothelial venules in the intestinal mucosa. These results extend the paradigm of tissue homing to a retrovirus and are relevant for the pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention of HIV-1 infection, the authors suggest.

Read more, please click http://immunology.sciencemag.org/content/2/11/eaam7341

2. Platelets subvert T cell immunity against cancer via GARP-TGFβ axis.

Cancer-associated thrombocytosis has long been linked to poor clinical outcome, but the underlying mechanism is enigmatic. Saleh Rachidi at Medical University of South Carolina in Charleston, USA and his colleagues hypothesized that platelets promote malignancy and resistance to therapy by dampening host immunity. They show that genetic targeting of platelets enhances adoptive T cell therapy of cancer. An unbiased biochemical and structural biology approach established transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and lactate as major platelet-derived soluble factors to obliterate CD4+ and CD8+ T cell functions. Moreover, they found that platelets are the dominant source of functional TGFβ systemically as well as in the tumor microenvironment through constitutive expression of the TGFβ-docking receptor glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP) rather than secretion of TGFβ per se. Platelet-specific deletion of the GARP-encoding gene Lrrc32 blunted TGFβ activity at the tumor site and potentiated protective immunity against both melanoma and colon cancer. Last, this study shows that T cell therapy of cancer can be substantially improved by concurrent treatment with readily available antiplatelet agents. They conclude that platelets constrain T cell immunity through a GARP-TGFβ axis and suggest a combination of immunotherapy and platelet inhibitors as a therapeutic strategy against cancer.

Read more, please click http://immunology.sciencemag.org/content/2/11/eaai7911

3. Ubiquitination of STING at lysine 224 controls IRF3 activation.

Cytosolic DNA species derived from invading microbes or leaked from the nuclear or mitochondrial compartments of the cell can trigger the induction of host defense genes by activating the endoplasmic reticulum–associated protein STING (stimulator of interferon genes). Using a mass spectrometry–based approach, Guoxin Ni at University of Miami Miller School of Medicine in Miami, USA and his colleagues show that after association with cyclic dinucleotides, delivery of Tank-binding kinase 1 to interferon regulatory factors (IRFs), such as IRF3, relies on K63-linked ubiquitination of K224 on STING. Blocking K224 ubiquitination specifically prevented IRF3 but not nuclear factor κB activation, additionally indicating that STING trafficking is not required to stimulate the latter signaling pathway. By carrying out a limited small interfering RNA screen, they have identified MUL1 (mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1) as an E3 ligase that catalyzes the ubiquitination of STING on K224. These data demonstrate the critical role of K224 ubiquitination in STING function and provide molecular insight into the mechanisms governing host defense responses.

Read more, please click http://immunology.sciencemag.org/content/2/11/eaah7119

4. In vivo imaging reveals a tumor-associated macrophage–mediated resistance pathway in anti–PD-1 therapy.

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting the immune checkpoint anti–programmed cell death protein 1 (aPD-1) have demonstrated impressive benefits for the treatment of some cancers; however, these drugs are not always effective, and we still have a limited understanding of the mechanisms that contribute to their efficacy or lack thereof. Sean P. Arlauckas at Harvard Medical School in Boston, USA and his colleagues used in vivo imaging to uncover the fate and activity of aPD-1 mAbs in real time and at subcellular resolution in mice. They show that aPD-1 mAbs effectively bind PD-1+ tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells at early time points after administration. However, this engagement is transient, and aPD-1 mAbs are captured within minutes from the T cell surface by PD-1− tumor-associated macrophages. They further show that macrophage accrual of aPD-1 mAbs depends both on the drug’s Fc domain glycan and on Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) expressed by host myeloid cells and extend these findings to the human setting. Finally, they demonstrate that in vivo blockade of FcγRs before aPD-1 mAb administration substantially prolongs aPD-1 mAb binding to tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells and enhances immunotherapy-induced tumor regression in mice. These investigations yield insight into aPD-1 target engagement in vivo and identify specific Fc/FcγR interactions that can be modulated to improve checkpoint blockade therapy.

Read more, please click http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/9/389/eaal3604

5. Inhibiting the oncogenic translation program is an effective therapeutic strategy in multiple myeloma.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a frequently incurable hematological cancer in which overactivity of MYC plays a central role, notably through up-regulation of ribosome biogenesis and translation. To better understand the oncogenic program driven by MYC and investigate its potential as a therapeutic target, Salomon Manier at Harvard Medical School in Boston, USA and his colleagues screened a chemically diverse small-molecule library for anti-MM activity. The most potent hits identified were rocaglate scaffold inhibitors of translation initiation. Expression profiling of MM cells revealed reversion of the oncogenic MYC-driven transcriptional program by CMLD010509, the most promising rocaglate. Proteome-wide reversion correlated with selective depletion of short-lived proteins that are key to MM growth and survival, most notably MYC, MDM2, CCND1, MAF, and MCL-1. The efficacy of CMLD010509 in mouse models of MM confirmed the therapeutic relevance of these findings in vivo and supports the feasibility of targeting the oncogenic MYC-driven translation program in MM with rocaglates.

Read more, please click http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/9/389/eaal2668

Abbkine Scientific announces the launch of its new anitbody - Anti-MBP Tag Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (9Y5)

Wuhan, China. 430074, 18^th May 2017. Anti-MBP Tag Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (9Y5) is the new addition to the illustrious list of antibodies made by popular scientific research outfit, Abbkine Scientific. The company recently announced the launch of the product, made to enhance scientific research and experiments.

MBP is a member of the maltose E.coli family that is responsible for the uptake and efficient catabolism of maltodextrins. The features and benefits of the substance have made it endearing to scientific researchers.

Otherwise known as Maltose Binding Protein antibody, the antibody is designed to help promote proper folding of the fusion protein, in addition to being used for preventing an insoluble form. Mouse, with recombinant protein as the immunogen, hosts the antibody. This is in addition to being a useful affinity tag for increasing the expression level, and solubility of the MBP-tagged protein.

MBP Tag antibody as it is also called is purified using the latest technology. It is affinity-purified from mouse ascites by affinity chromatography using specific immunogen. The antibody comes in a liquid solution, allowing for easy application by the investigator.

The manufacturers of the product have clearly stated that it is made for research purpose only, prohibiting any clinical or human diagnosis.

About Abbkine Scientific Co. Ltd.

Abbkine Scientific Co. Ltd is a scientific research institute headquartered in China. Founded by a team of scientists and marketing experts, the serves the field of sciences by perfectly combining cutting edge technology from the United States with China's manufacturing engineering and cost advantages, to provide state-of-the-art recombinant proteins, antibodies, and other scientific research tools.

The company has subsequently established itself as a scientific research heavyweight with the provision of generic and customized solutions to clients across the globe.

CD1 Monoclonal Antibody Review

CD1 (cluster of differentiation 1) is a family of glycoproteins expressed on the surface of various human antigen-presenting cells. They are related to the class I MHC molecules, and are involved in the presentation of lipid antigens to T cells. CD1 antigens are expressed on cortical thymocytes, but not on mature T cells. This often remains true in neoplastic cells from these populations, so that the presence of CD1 antigens can be used in diagnostic immunohistochemistry to identify some thymomas and malignancies arising from T cell precursors.

Abbkine CD1 Monoclonal Antibody affinity-purified from mouse ascites by affinity-chromatography using specific immunogen. The antibody can react with Human，Mouse and Rat samples. It was tested in IHC-p and IF. The concentration of the antibody is 1mg/ml. Optimal working dilutions should be determined experimentally by the investigator.

Our group wanna detect CD1 proteins in mouse heart tissue. We adopted Immunohistochemical analysis in part of our research. One of my colleagues recommended Abbkine products to me, and the product didn't not disappoint me. We got a strong signal and the signal was localizing where we expect it to. I'll choose Abbkine again.

Protein purification tools

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CrownAntibody

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MAP2 Monoclonal Antibody Review

Microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) is a neuronal phosphoprotein that regulates the structure and stability of microtubules, neuronal morphogenesis, cytoskeleton dynamics, and organelle trafficking in axons and dendrites. Multiple MAP2 isoforms are expressed in neurons, including high molecular weight MAP2A and MAP2B (280 and 270 kDa), and low molecular weight MAP2C and MAP2D (70 and 75 kDa).

Abbkine MAP2 Monoclonal Antibody was affinity-purified from mouse ascites by affinity-chromatography using specific immunogen. The isotype of this antibody is mouse IgG1.  It detects endogenous levels of all isoforms of MAP2 total protein of human, mouse and rat samples. The verified application by Abbkine are IHC-p and IF. The concentration of the antibody is 1mg/ml.

Abbkine MAP2 Monoclonal Antibody was used to detect MAP2 protein in mouse brain tissue sections with Immunofluorescence analysis. The performance of the antibody is great and the customer service was superb. This was especially appreciated given that I am in Turkey and they are in China. Due to the excellent communication, this overseas divide did not pose an issue. Abbkine is deserved to be recommended.

Abbkine Scientific launches its new antibody - Anti-DDDDK Tag Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (1B10)

Wuhan, China. 430074, 14^th May 2017. DDDDK antibody is a new antibody produced by Abbkine Scientific Company Limited and the launch is set to revolutionize the science world especially in the area of research and investigation. Announcing the launch of the product, Abbkine Scientific reiterated the features and benefits of the Anti-DDDDK Tag Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (1B10), otherwise known as Flag antibody.

The monoclonal antibody is designed to be used for affinity chromatography and the subsequent separation of recombinant, over expressed protein from wild-type protein expressed by the host organism. This is in addition to being a polypeptide protein tag that can be added to a protein by using recombinant DNA technology.

Hosted in mouse, the antibody can also be used in the isolation of protein complexes that have multiple subunits.

Available in a liquid solution, the antibody was affinity-purified from mouse ascites by affinity-chromatography using specific immunogen, which is one of the features that stand it out from the crowd.

The manufacturers of the product have however issued a strong warning against the use of the product for clinical and human diagnosis, as it is solely made for research purposes.

About Abbkine Scientific Co. Ltd.

Abbkine Scientific Co. Ltd is a scientific research institute headquartered in China. Founded by a team of scientists and marketing experts, the serves the field of sciences by perfectly combining cutting edge technology from the United States with China's manufacturing engineering and cost advantages, to provide state-of-the-art recombinant proteins, antibodies, and other scientific research tools.

The company has subsequently established itself as a scientific research heavyweight with the provision of generic and customized solutions to clients across the globe. This has endeared it to many scientists and researchers across the globe especially in the Asia Pacific region.

Weekly Top Scientific Research Review (8/5/2017-12/5/2017)

Here we start our beautiful journey!

1. CRISPR–Cas9 epigenome editing enables high-throughput screening for functional regulatory elements in the human genome.

Large genome-mapping consortia and thousands of genome-wide association studies have identified non-protein-coding elements in the genome as having a central role in various biological processes. However, decoding the functions of the millions of putative regulatory elements discovered in these studies remains challenging. CRISPR–Cas9-based epigenome editing technologies have enabled precise perturbation of the activity of specific regulatory elements. Here Tyler S Klann at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina, USA and his colleagues describe CRISPR–Cas9-based epigenomic regulatory element screening (CERES) for improved high-throughput screening of regulatory element activity in the native genomic context. Using dCas9KRAB repressor and dCas9p300 activator constructs and lentiviral single guide RNA libraries to target DNase I hypersensitive sites surrounding a gene of interest, they carried out both loss- and gain-of-function screens to identify regulatory elements for the β-globin and HER2 loci in human cells. CERES readily identified known and previously unidentified regulatory elements, some of which were dependent on cell type or direction of perturbation. This technology allows the high-throughput functional annotation of putative regulatory elements in their native chromosomal context, the authors suggest.

Read more, please click http://www.nature.com/nbt/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nbt.3853.html

2. A living mesoscopic cellular automaton made of skin scales.

In vertebrates, skin colour patterns emerge from nonlinear dynamical microscopic systems of cell interactions. Here Liana Manukyan at University of Geneva in Geneva, Switzerland and his colleagues show that in ocellated lizards a quasi-hexagonal lattice of skin scales, rather than individual chromatophore cells, establishes a green and black labyrinthine pattern of skin colour. They analysed time series of lizard scale colour dynamics over four years of their development and demonstrate that this pattern is produced by a cellular automaton (a grid of elements whose states are iterated according to a set of rules based on the states of neighbouring elements) that dynamically computes the colour states of individual mesoscopic skin scales to produce the corresponding macroscopic colour pattern. Using numerical simulations and mathematical derivation, they identify how a discrete von Neumann cellular automaton emerges from a continuous Turing reaction–diffusion system. Skin thickness variation generated by three-dimensional morphogenesis of skin scales causes the underlying reaction–diffusion dynamics to separate into microscopic and mesoscopic spatial scales, the latter generating a cellular automaton. Their study indicates that cellular automata are not merely abstract computational systems, but can directly correspond to processes generated by biological evolution.

Read more, please click http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v544/n7649/full/nature22031.html

3. Virus genomes reveal factors that spread and sustained the Ebola epidemic.

The 2013–2016 West African epidemic caused by the Ebola virus was of unprecedented magnitude, duration and impact. Here Gytis Dudas at University of Edinburgh in Edinburgh, UK and his colleagues reconstruct the dispersal, proliferation and decline of Ebola virus throughout the region by analysing 1,610 Ebola virus genomes, which represent over 5% of the known cases. They test the association of geography, climate and demography with viral movement among administrative regions, inferring a classic ‘gravity’ model, with intense dispersal between larger and closer populations. Despite attenuation of international dispersal after border closures, cross-border transmission had already sown the seeds for an international epidemic, rendering these measures ineffective at curbing the epidemic. They address why the epidemic did not spread into neighbouring countries, showing that these countries were susceptible to substantial outbreaks but at lower risk of introductions. Finally, they reveal that this large epidemic was a heterogeneous and spatially dissociated collection of transmission clusters of varying size, duration and connectivity. These insights will help to inform interventions in future epidemics.

Read more, please click http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v544/n7650/full/nature22040.html

4. Structure and allosteric inhibition of excitatory amino acid transporter 1.

Human members of the solute carrier 1 (SLC1) family of transporters take up excitatory neurotransmitters in the brain and amino acids in peripheral organs. Dysregulation of the function of SLC1 transporters is associated with neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. Here Juan C. Canul-Tec at  Institut Pasteur in Paris, France and his colleagues present crystal structures of a thermostabilized human SLC1 transporter, the excitatory amino acid transporter 1 (EAAT1), with and without allosteric and competitive inhibitors bound. The structures reveal architectural features of the human transporters, such as intra- and extracellular domains that have potential roles in transport function, regulation by lipids and post-translational modifications. The coordination of the allosteric inhibitor in the structures and the change in the transporter dynamics measured by hydrogen–deuterium exchange mass spectrometry reveal a mechanism of inhibition, in which the transporter is locked in the outward-facing states of the transport cycle. Their results provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the function and pharmacology of human SLC1 transporters.

Read more, please click http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature22064.html

5. Induction of functional dopamine neurons from human astrocytes in vitro and mouse astrocytes in a Parkinson's disease model.

Cell replacement therapies for neurodegenerative disease have focused on transplantation of the cell types affected by the pathological process. Here Pia Rivetti di Val Cervo at Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm, Sweden and his colleagues describe an alternative strategy for Parkinson's disease in which dopamine neurons are generated by direct conversion of astrocytes. Using three transcription factors, NEUROD1, ASCL1 and LMX1A, and the microRNA miR218, collectively designated NeAL218, they reprogram human astrocytes in vitro, and mouse astrocytes in vivo, into induced dopamine neurons (iDANs). Reprogramming efficiency in vitro is improved by small molecules that promote chromatin remodeling and activate the TGFβ, Shh and Wnt signaling pathways. The reprogramming efficiency of human astrocytes reaches up to 16%, resulting in iDANs with appropriate midbrain markers and excitability. In a mouse model of Parkinson's disease, NeAL218 alone reprograms adult striatal astrocytes into iDANs that are excitable and correct some aspects of motor behavior in vivo, including gait impairments. With further optimization, this approach may enable clinical therapies for Parkinson's disease by delivery of genes rather than cells.

Read more, please click http://www.nature.com/nbt/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nbt.3835.html

PurKine™ Anti-DDDDK Tag Resin 4FF is the latest addition to the Abbkine PurKine™ resin family

Wuhan, China. 430074, 11^th May 2017. Abbkine Scientific has announced the launch of its new product, the PurKine™ Anti-DDDDK Tag Resin 4FF, otherwise known as Flag resin. The resin has gained popularity for being used in the affinity purification of Flag fusion proteins.

Consisting of 90μm beads of cross-linked 4% agarose, coupled with mouse monoclonal antibody against DYKDDDDK tag, the DDDDK Resin allows for optimization of the process. This subsequently leads to maximum protein yield, solubility, and stability.

The durability of the product, with several tests confirming no decrease in, is performance after more than five repeated uses is another premium feature of the product. Containing high flow properties, the PurKine™ Anti-DDDDK Tag Resin 4FF is a perfect choice for scaling-up.

Other features and benefits of the resin include high capacity with over 1mg DYKDDDDK-tagged protein per mL of resin and cost-effectiveness due to the possibility of several usages. It also has flexibility from being available in multiple formats that include bulk resin, spin columns and complete kits, and its “robustness” as its highly crosslinked beads tolerate linear flow rates up to 300cm/hour.

As a Liquid solution with 50% slurry in TBS containing 0.02% sodium oxide, the resin is available in prepacked spin column and kit formats.

Made exclusively for research use only, the manufacturer strongly prohibits the use of the product in human or clinical diagnosis.

About Abbkine Scientific Co. Ltd.

Abbkine Scientific Co. Ltd is a scientific research institute headquartered in China. Founded by a team of scientists and marketing experts, the serves the field of sciences by perfectly combining cutting edge technology from the United States with China's manufacturing engineering and cost advantages, to provide state-of-the-art recombinant proteins, antibodies, and other scientific research tools.

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The company has subsequently established itself as a scientific research heavyweight with the provision of generic and customized solutions to clients across the globe.

NSE Monoclonal Antibody Review

NSE, or Enolase 2 (gamma, neuronal), is a human gene encoded by ENO2. It may also be known as: Gamma-enolase; Enolase 2; Neural enolase; Neuron-specific enolase; Gamma-enolase ; HEL-S-279. The encoded protein is an enzyme with an amino acid length of 434 and a mass of 47.3 kDa. Other isoforms may exist. NSE is a member of the Enolase family. Homologs of this gene exist in other organisms, including: Mouse, Rat.

Abbkine NSE Monoclonal Antibody was affinity-purified from mouse ascites by affinity-chromatography using specific immunogen. The antibody detects endogenous NSE proteins. It's suitable to be applied in WB, IHC and IF. It's verified to react with human, mouse and rat. The concentration of this monoclonal antibody is 1mg/ml.

Our group purchased Abbkine NSE monoclonal antibody for detecting NSE proteins in paraffin-embedded Human-colon tissue sections. Our sample were incubated with Abbkine NSE monoclonal antibody (diluted at 1:200) overnight at +4°C. The sensitivity of the antibody was perfect. Thanks to our research partner-Bob recommending Abbkine brand to us, we plan to use them again.

CD21 Monoclonal Antibody – Review

Abbkine Scientific Company Limited is one of the very popular scientific solutions providers, with numerous tools, antibodies, resins and other such products coming from them. Therefore, it did not come as a surprise to many when it recently announced the release of its new monoclonal antibody - CD21 Monoclonal Antibody, otherwise known as the CD21 antibody.

Like most of the other antibodies and resins, the Complement receptor type 2 antibody has come different reviews from experts and other such stakeholders in the industry.

What is CD21 Monoclonal Antibody?

CD21 Monoclonal Antibody also known as the C3DR antibody, the antibody is a somewhat unique antibody with amazing features that has endeared it to many researchers and investigators across the globe.

CR2 encodes a membrane protein known as complement C3d receptor 2. The membrane protein is reputed to function as a receptor for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) binding on B and T lymphocytes. In addition to this feature, the genetic variations in CR2 are susceptible to systemic lupus erythematosus type 9 also known as SLEB9. Alternatively, spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for CR2.

Features of CD21 Monoclonal Antibody

The antibody comes with different features and benefits, some of which are briefly highlighted below

• Immunogen – Synthetic Peptide


• Host – Mouse


• Reactivity – mouse, human, and rat


• Applications – IF and IHC-p


• Clonality – monoclonal


• Isotype – Mouse IgG1


• Formulation – Liquid solution


• Concentration – 1 mg/ml


• Gene ID – 1380


• Storage buffer – PBS  pH 7.4, containing 0.02% sodium azide as Preservative and 50% Glycerol

CD21 Monoclonal Antibody – Pros

The features of the monoclonal antibody mentioned above have clearly showed some of the perceived benefits of pros of the product, especially when compared to others in the market.

One of such pros is the formulation of the antibody. As a liquid formulation, the antibody can be easily applied by researchers and investigators.

The purification process of the antibody also distinguishes it from its peers. The antibody was affinity-purified from mouse ascites by affinity chromatography using specific immunogen.

The storage buffer of PBS, pH 7.4, containing 0.02% sodium azide as Preservative and 50% Glycerol is also one of the pros of the product.

The antibody also detects endogenous CD21 proteins, another of its relatively many desirable features.

The CD21 Monoclonal antibody by Abbkine Scientific can be stored for as long as one year at -20°C from the date of shipment. The ease of storage and durability ensure that users can hold onto it for a long period.

There is also flexibility in its use as investigators can determine the optimal working dilutions by experiments, even as the suggested starting dilutions are IHC-p: 1:200, IF: 1:200.

CD21 Monoclonal Antibody – Cons

So far, there are no cons readily identified for the antibody. However, continuous of the use of the product by researchers and investigators alike would reveal possible drawbacks.

CD21 Monoclonal Antibody – Final Verdict

After a comprehensive assessment of the CD21 Monoclonal Antibody, one can confidently say that researchers and investigators have a reliable antibody to work with.

Ki 67 Monoclonal Antibody Review

The Ki-67 protein (also known as MKI67) is a cellular marker for proliferation. It is strictly associated with cell proliferation. During interphase, the Ki-67 antigen can be exclusively detected within the cell nucleus, whereas in mitosis most of the protein is relocated to the surface of the chromosomes. Ki-67 protein is present during all active phases of the cell cycle (G1, S, G2, and mitosis), but is absent from resting cells (G0).

Abbkine Ki 67 Monoclonal Antibody was affinity-purified from mouse ascites by affinity-chromatography using specific immunogen. It recognizes endogenous levels of murine Ki-67 protein. It will also detect endogenous levels of human Ki-67 protein. The antibody has been shown to work in IHC-p and IF. Abbkine suggested the starting dilutions are as follows: IHC-p: 1:200, IF: 1:200.

Ki-67 is an excellent marker to determine the growth fraction of a given cell population. The fraction of Ki-67-positive tumor cells (the Ki-67 labeling index) is often correlated with the clinical course of cancer. We studied mouse testis tissue for Immunofluorescence analysis using Abbkine Ki 67 Monoclonal Antibody. Fortunately, the performance of the antibody was excellent, an immunopositive signal was found.

Kif 7 Monoclonal Antibody Review

The KIF7 (kinesin family member 7) gene provides instructions for making a protein that is associated with structures called primary cilia. These microscopic, finger-like projections stick out from the surface of cells and are involved in signaling pathways that transmit information into cells. Studies suggest that the KIF7 protein helps to maintain the proper length and stability of cilia.

Abbkine Kif 7 Monoclonal Antibody  is a well characterized mouse monoclonal recommended for detecting KIF7 of human, mouse and rat origin by IF and IHC-p.  Supplied as three different sizes as liquid solution , the concentration of the purified antibody is 1mg/ml. The antibody is stable for one year at -20°C from date of shipment. Abbkine suggested aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing.

Immunofluorescence analysis of Mouse-colon tissue using Abbkine Kif 7 Monoclonal Antibody (red), diluted at 1:200 (4°C,overnight). Dylight 549 labled anti-mouse was used as secondary antibody. The low background fluorescence yielded a high signal-to-noise ratio. I give them a high recommendation and plan to use them again.